2026
Pinheiro, Cristiana & Abreu, Luís & Figueiredo, Joana & Cruz, Cristina & Cerqueira, João & Santos, Cristina P. (2026). Sensor-Based Classification of Post-Stroke Motor Impairment Using Fugl-Meyer Lower Extremity Scores. Sensors. 26(14). 4458. 10.3390/s26144458. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/14/4458
Lopes, João Mendes & Matias, Ana Catarina & Cruz, Cristina & Pereira, Tânia & Cerqueira, João & Santos, Cristina P. (2026). A novel robotic walker for gait training in cerebellar ataxia: crossover design with treadmill therapy. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 46(3). 483–492. 10.1016/j.bbe.2026.05.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.05.003
Pinheiro, Cristiana & Figueiredo, Joana & Pereira, Tânia & Cruz, Cristina & Cerqueira, João & Santos, Cristina P. (2026). Task-Dependent Performance of Wearable Multimodal Biofeedback in Physical Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Post-Stroke Case Study. Healthcare. 14(13). 1823. 10.3390/healthcare14131823. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14131823
Miranda, Beatriz & Pinheiro, Cristiana & Gonçalves, Helena R. & Rodrigues, Ana Margarida & Santos, Cristina P. (2026). A Mixed Reality Approach to Verify the Feasibility of Monitoring Parkinson’s Disease Gait Impairments. IRBM. 47(4). 100949. 10.1016/j.irbm.2026.100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2026.100949
Martins, Diogo R. & Cerqueira, Sara M. & Vieira, Tiago P. & Rocha, Ana Maria A. C. & da Silva, Alexandre Ferreira & Edelman, Elazer R. & Balcells, Mercedes & Santos, Cristina P. (2026). Collection: Multimodal Datasets for Analysing Physiological and Kinematic Responses to Shoulder Pain and DOMS (PainMotion). IEEE Data Descriptions. 3. 328–338. 10.1109/IEEEDATA.2026.3685288. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11488223
2025
Martins, Luís & Ribeiro, Nuno Ferrete & Cerqueira, João & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Descriptor: Elderly Human Activity Recognition Dataset (ElderHAR). IEEE Data Descriptions. 3. 54–62. 10.1109/IEEEDATA.2025.3642775. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEDATA.2025.3642775
Moreira, Luís & Figueiredo, Joana & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Real-Time Control of Ankle Orthosis Assistance Using a Locomotion Mode Prediction Tool. IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics. 7(4). 1681–1692. 10.1109/TMRB.2025.3604135. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2025.3604135
Ribeiro, Nuno Ferrete & Veloso, André & Pires, Henrique & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Immersive Ecological Virtual Environment for Inducing Balance Disturbances. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 31(12). 10372–10383. 10.1109/TVCG.2025.3598464. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2025.3598464
Rito, Diana & Barbosa, Roberto M. & Vieira da Silva, Manuel & Macedo, Carlos Sampaio & Alves, Victor & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Mixed reality in orthopaedics: A systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical and technological aspects. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 271. 109011. 10.1016/j.cmpb.2025.109011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2025.109011
Martins, Diogo R. & Cerqueira, Sara M. & Pombeiro, Ana & da Silva, Alexandre Ferreira & Rocha, Ana Maria A. C. & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). ErgoReport: A Holistic Posture Assessment Framework Based on Inertial Data and Deep Learning. Sensors. 25(7). 2282. 10.3390/s25072282. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2282
Carvalho, Simão P. & Figueiredo, Joana & Cerqueira, João J. & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Locomotion mode prediction in real-life walking with and without ankle–foot exoskeleton assistance. Applied Intelligence. 55. 546. 10.1007/s10489-025-06416-2. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10489-025-06416-2
Moreira, Luís & Figueiredo, Joana & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). MuscLab: A Flexible and Elastic e-Textile Band for Monitoring Muscle Contraction. IEEE Sensors Journal. 25(6). 9478–9485. 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3535589. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3535589
Gonçalves, Helena R. & Pinheiro, Pedro & Pinheiro, Cristiana & Martins, Luís & Rodrigues, Ana Margarida & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Deep learning models for improving Parkinson’s disease management regarding disease stage, motor disability and quality of life. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 189. 109961. 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109961
Cardoso, Marta & Pinheiro, Cristiana & Gonçalves, Helena R. & Rodrigues, Ana Margarida & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Objective Assessment of Pull Test Scores in Parkinson’s Disease Under Dynamic Conditions. IRBM. 46(2). 100884. 10.1016/j.irbm.2025.100884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2025.100884
Almeida, Joana F. & Santos, Cristina P. (2025). Bio-inspired control strategies in wearable robotics: A comprehensive review of CPGs and DMPs. Annual Reviews in Control. 60. 100991. 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100991
2024
Cerqueira, Sara & Vilas Boas, Ana Rita & Figueiredo, Joana & Santos, Cristina. (2024). A Comprehensive Dataset of Surface Electromyography and Self-Perceived Fatigue Levels for Muscle Fatigue Analysis. Sensors. 24. 8081. 10.3390/s24248081. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8081
Martins, Diogo & Cerqueira, Sara & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Seeking optimal and explainable deep learning models for inertial-based posture recognition. Knowledge-Based Systems. 112700. 10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112700. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705124013340?via%3Dihub
Ferrete Ribeiro, Nuno & Armada, Miguel & Nunes, João & Carvalho, Óscar & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Unveiling human biomechanics: insights into lower limb responses to disturbances that can trigger a fall. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 11. 10.3389/frobt.2024.1367474. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1367474/full
Lopes, Catarina & Vilaca, Adelio & Santos, Cristina & Mendes, Joaquim. (2024). An Open-Source Software Approach to Multimodal Medical Imaging: Combination of Anatomical and Thermal 3D Models. Procedia Computer Science. 239. 122-129. 10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.154. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050924013978?via%3Dihub
Martins, João & Cerqueira, Sara & Catarino, André & Silva, Alexandre & Rocha, Ana & Vale, Jorge & Ângelo, Miguel & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Integrating sEMG and IMU Sensors in an e-Textile Smart Vest for Forward Posture Monitoring: First Steps. Sensors. 24. 10.3390/s24144717. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4717
Nunes, João & Armada, Miguel & Pereira, José & Ferrete Ribeiro, Nuno & Carvalho, Óscar & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Biomechanical strategies for mitigating unexpected slips: A review. Journal of Biomechanics. 173. 112235. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112235. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929024003130?via%3Dihub
Monteiro, Sara & Figueiredo, Joana & Fonseca, Pedro & Vilas-Boas, J. Paulo & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Human-in-the-Loop Optimization of Knee Exoskeleton Assistance for Minimizing User’s Metabolic and Muscular Effort. Sensors. 24. 3305. 10.3390/s24113305. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3305
Martins, Diogo & Cerqueira, Sara & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Combining inertial-based ergonomic assessment with biofeedback for posture correction: A narrative review. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 190. 110037. 10.1016/j.cie.2024.110037. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036083522400158X?via%3Dihub
Barbosa, Roberto & Serrador, Luís & Santos, Cristina & Vieira da Silva, Manuel & Macedo, Carlos. (2024). Knee landmarks detection via deep learning for automatic imaging evaluation of trochlear dysplasia and patellar height. European Radiology. 34. 1-12. 10.1007/s00330-024-10596-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00330-024-10596-9
Serrador, Luís & Villani, Francesca & Moccia, Sara & Santos, Cristina. (2024). Knowledge distillation on individual vertebrae segmentation exploiting 3D U-Net. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 113. 102350. 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2024.102350. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895611124000272?via%3Dihub
2023
Andrade, Ricardo & Figueiredo, Joana & Fonseca, Pedro & Vilas-Boas, J. Paulo & Silva, Miguel & Santos, Cristina. (2023). Human-Robot Joint Misalignment, Physical Interaction, and Gait Kinematic Assessment in Ankle-Foot Orthoses. Sensors. 24. 246. 10.3390/s24010246. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/246
Gonçalves, Helena & Branquinho, Andre & Pinto, Joana & Rodrigues, Ana Margarida & Santos, Cristina. (2023). Digital biomarkers of mobility and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease based on a wearable motion analysis LAB. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 244. 107967. 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107967. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169260723006338?via%3Dihub
Neves, Goncalo & Sequeira, Joao & Santos, Cristina. (2023). Lightweight and compact smart walking cane. PeerJ Computer Science. 9. e1563. 10.7717/peerj-cs.1563. https://peerj.com/articles/cs-1563
Garcia Cena, Cecilia & Silva, Luis & Palencia, Fabián & Moríñigo, María & Santos, Cristina & Saltaren, Roque & Benito-León, Julián & Gómez-Andrés, David. (2023). Internet of medical things. Measurement of respiratory dynamics using wearable sensors in post-COVID-19 patients. Enfoque UTE. 14. 10.29019/enfoqueute.972. https://ingenieria.ute.edu.ec/index.php/revista/article/view/972
Gonçalves, Carolina & Lopes, João & Moccia, Sara & Berardini, Daniele & Migliorelli, Lucia & Santos, Cristina. (2023). Deep learning-based approaches for human motion decoding in smart walkers for rehabilitation. Expert Systems with Applications. 228. 120288. 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120288. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095741742300790X?via%3Dihub
Barbosa, Roberto & Vieira da Silva, Manuel & Macedo, Carlos & Santos, Cristina. (2023). Imaging evaluation of patellofemoral joint instability: a review. Knee surgery & related research. 35. 7. 10.1186/s43019-023-00180-8. https://kneesurgrelatres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43019-023-00180-8
Gonçalves, Helena & Branquinho, Andre & Pinto, Joana & Rodrigues, Ana Margarida & Santos, Cristina. (2023). Digital Biomarkers of Mobility and Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease Based on a Wearable Motion Analysis LAB. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.4333677. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4333677
Older
David Barbosa, Cristina P Santos and Maria Martins, “The Application of Cycling and Cycling Combined with Feedback in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Review”, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases (2014), Volume 24, Issue 2, February 2015, Pages 253–273, Received: June 3, 2014; Received in revised form: August 29, 2014; Accepted: September 6, 2014; Published Online: November 21, 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.09.006
João André, Cristina P. Santos and Lino Costa, “Skill Memory in Biped Locomotion”, Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 01 Feb 2015, pp. 1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-015-0197-z
João André, Cristina P. Santos and Lino Costa, “Adapting Biped Locomotion to Sloped Environments”, Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, pp.1-16, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-015-0196-0
César Ferreira, Cristina P Santos, “Combining Central Pattern generators and Reflexes, Neurocomputing”, Volume 170, 25 December 2015, Pages 79–91, Special issue in Advances on Biological Rhythmic Pattern Generation: Experiments, Algorithms and Applications, Elsevier. ISSN: 0925-2312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.05.113
Maria Martins, Cristina P. Santos, Anselmo Frizera, Ramón Ceres, “A review of the functionalities of Smart Walkers.” Medical Engineering & Physics, 2015.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.07.006
Maria Martins, Lino Costa, Anselmo Frizera, Cristina P Santos, “Feature Reduction with PCA/KPCA for gait classification with different assistive devices”. International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, 2015.
Ana Tereso, Maria Manuel Martins, Cristina Peixoto Santos. “Evaluation of gait performance of Knee Osteoarthritis patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty with different assistive devices”. Research on Biomedical Engineering, 2015. Res. Biomed. Eng. Volume 31 no.3, Rio de Janeiro.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.0729
Barroso F, Torricelli D, Bravo-Esteban E, Taylor J, Gómez-Soriano J, Santos C, Moreno JC and José L. Pons, “Muscle synergies in cycling after incomplete spinal cord injury: correlation with clinical measures of motor function and spasticity.” Article in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · December 2015.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00706
Jorge Silva, João Sequeira and Cristina Santos, “Field Results of a Navigation Architecture with Timing Constraints,” Journal of Robotics, Volume 2015, Article ID 318695, 14 pages, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/318695
Cristina P. Santos, Nuno Alves, Juan Moreno, “Biped locomotion control through a biomimetic CPG-based controller”, 22 August 2016, Springer, Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-016-0407-3
Costa, S., Soares, F., Santos, C., Pereira, A. P., Moreira, M. F, “Lego Robots & Autism Spectrum Disorders: A potential partnership?”, Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación, 3(1), 50-59.
https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2016.3.1.1478
J Silva, J Sequeira, C P Santos, “A robot control architecture supported on contraction theory”, 2017, International Journal of Systems Science, Volume 48, Issue 1, pp. 209-224, Taylor & Francis, Inc. Bristol, PA, USA 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2016.1184355
Ferreira, C., Santos, C.P., “A sensory-driven controller for quadruped locomotion”, 2017 Biological Cybernetics, 111: 49-67.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-016-0708-4
J Macedo, J André, CP Santos, “Towards a flexible framework for learning: F3L”, Robotics and Autonomous Systems Volume 98, December 2017, Pages 276-291.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2017.06.007
Joana Figueiredo, Cristina P. Santos, Juan C. Moreno, “Automatic Recognition of Gait Patterns in Human Motor Disorders using Machine Learning: A Review”, Medical Engineering & Physics, 2018 Mar;53:1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.12.006
Joana Figueiredo, Paulo Félix, Juan C. Moreno, Cristina P. Santos, “Gait Event Detection in Controlled and Real-life Situations: Repeated Measures from Healthy Subjects”, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering ( Volume: 26 , Issue: 10 , Oct. 2018 ).
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2018.2868094
Helena R Gonçalves Rui Moreira, Ana Rodrigues and Cristina P Santos, “Finding Parameters around the Abdomen for a Vibrotactile System Healthy and Patients with Parkinson’s Disease”, J. Med. Syst (2018), 42:232.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1087-2
N. F. Ribeiro, J. André, L. Costa, and C. P. Santos, “Development of a Strategy to Predict and Detect Falls Using Wearable Sensors,” J. Med. Syst., vol. 43, no. 5, p. 134, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1252-2
Joana Figueiredo, Juan C. Moreno, Ana Catarina Matias, Fátima Pereira & Cristina P. Santos, “Outcome measures and motion capture systems for assessing lower limb orthosis-based interventions after stroke: a systematic review”, Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1695966
Joana Figueiredo, Simão P. Carvalho, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Luís M. Gonçalves, Juan C. Moreno, and Cristina P. Santos, “Wearable inertial sensor system towards daily human kinematic gait analysis: Benchmarking analysis to MVN BIOMECH”, Sensors. 2020.
http://doi.org/10.3390/s20082185
Joana Figueiredo, SimãoP. Carvalho, Diogo Gonçalves, Juan C. Moreno, Cristina P. Santos, “Daily Locomotion Recognition and Prediction: A Kinematic Data-Based Machine Learning Approach”, IEEE Access, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2971552
S. M. Cerqueira, A. F. D. Silva and C. P. Santos, “Smart Vest for Real-Time Postural Biofeedback and Ergonomic Risk Assessment”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 107583-107592, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000673
C. Pinheiro, J. Figueiredo, N. Magalhães, C. P. Santos, “Wearable Biofeedback Improves Human-Robot Compliance during Ankle-Foot Exoskeleton-Assisted Gait Training: A Pre-Post Controlled Study in Healthy Participants,” in Sensors, vol. 20, pp. 5876, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205876
Moreira, L., Figueiredo, J., Fonseca, P. et al., “Lower limb kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data from young healthy humans during walking at controlled speeds”, Sci Data 8, 103 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00881-3
H.R. Gonçalves, A.M. Rodrigues and C.P. Santos, “Vibrotactile biofeedback devices in Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review,” Medical & Biological Engineering, vol. 59, pp. 1185–1199, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02365-3
H.R. Gonçalves, A.M. Rodrigues and C.P. Santos, “Gait monitoring system for patients with Parkinson’s disease,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 185, pp. 115653, 2021,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115653
N. F. Ribeiro, P. Mouta, and C. P. Santos, “Two kinematic data-based approaches for cane event detection,” J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03313-7
M. Palermo, S. Moccia, L. Migliorelli, E. Frontoni and C.P. Santos, “Real-time human pose estimation on a smart walker using convolutional neural networks”, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 184, p. 115498, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115498 .
J.M. Lopes, J. Figueiredo, C. Pinheiro, L.P. Reis, and C.P. Santos, “Biomechanical Assessment of Adapting Trajectory and Human-Robot Interaction Stiffness in Impedance-Controlled Ankle Orthosis,” Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems, vol. 102, 76, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01423-0
L. Moreira, J. Figueiredo, J. P. Vilas-Boas, and C. P. Santos, “Kinematics, Speed, and Anthropometry-Based Ankle Joint Torque Estimation: A Deep Learning Regression Approach,” Machines, vol. 9, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9080154
Carvalho, S.; Correia, A.; Figueiredo, J.; Martins, J.M.; Santos, C.P., Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Drop Foot Correction Using a Dynamic NARX Neural Network. Machines 2021, 9, 253.
https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9110253
Fonseca, L. Machado, M. V. Sousa, R. Sebastião, F. Sousa, J. Figueiredo, C. P. Santos, J. P. Vilas-Boas, “Does Gait with an Ankle Foot Orthosis Improve or Compromise Minimum Foot Clearance?,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 23, p. 8089, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21238089
J. Figueiredo, P.N. Fernandes, J.C. Moreno, and C.P. Santos, “Feedback-Error Learning for time-effective gait trajectory tracking in wearable exoskeletons,” The Anatomical Record, pp. 1–13, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25031
C. Pinheiro, J. Figueiredo, J. Cerqueira, C. P. Santos, “Robotic Biofeedback for Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review”, Sensors 2022, 22, 7197.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197197
R. N. Ferreira, N. F. Ribeiro, and C. P. Santos, “Fall Risk Assessment Using Wearable Sensors: A Narrative Review,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 984, Jan 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030984
L. M. Martins, N. F. Ribeiro, F. Soares, and C. P. Santos, “Inertial Data-Based AI Approaches for ADL and Fall Recognition,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 11, p. 4028, May 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114028
L. Moreira, J. Figueiredo, J. Cerqueira, C. P. Santos, “A Review on Locomotion Mode Recognition and Prediction When Using Active Orthoses and Exoskeletons”, Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7109.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197109
M. Palermo, J. M. Lopes, J. André, A. C. Matias, J. Cerqueira, C. P. Santos, “A multi-camera and multimodal dataset for posture and gait analysis”, Scientific Data 2022, 9(603).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01722-7
H. R. Gonçalves and C. P. Santos, “Deep learning model for doors detection: A contribution for context-awareness recognition of patients with Parkinson’s disease”, Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 212, 2023, 118712, ISSN 0957-4174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118712
https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1fiPX3PiGTLrDX
Almeida, J. F., & Santos, C. P. (2025). Bio-inspired control strategies in wearable robotics: A comprehensive review of CPGs and DMPs. Annual Reviews in Control, 60, 100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100991